California’s Employment Development Department (EDD) handles state payroll taxes, as well as unemployment benefits. While the EDD has struggled to address the large amount of unemployment insurance claims during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is beginning to return to normalcy, and it has resumed payroll tax audits. Businesses that are facing these types of audits will need to understand their requirements, as well as the post-audit issues that they may encounter.

Issues and Records Addressed in an EDD Audit

Audits performed by EDD will review a company’s records to ensure that wages and other payments made to employees have been reported correctly and that an employer is in compliance with its requirements under the California Unemployment Insurance Code (CUIC). An initial EDD audit will generally cover a period of up to 3 years, and it may review records for the 12 most recent quarters. Worker classification is one of the primary issues addressed in an audit, and it may determine whether workers have been incorrectly classified as independent contractors rather than employees. 

A business will be required to provide its records during an audit, usually starting with the following:

Taxpayers who owe tax debts to the IRS may have multiple options for addressing these issues. In some cases, a taxpayer may propose an offer in compromise that will allow them to pay less than the total amount owed and resolve their tax liabilities. While certain restrictions have traditionally applied in these cases, some recent policy changes by the IRS may provide benefits for taxpayers who make an offer in compromise. 

Changes to Tax Refund Offsets

In the past, when a taxpayer made an offer in compromise, they would agree that the IRS would be able to offset any tax refund they received for the current year and apply that amount toward their tax debt. For example, if a taxpayer had tax debts from 2017, and they proposed an offer in compromise in 2019, when they filed a tax return for the tax year of 2019, the IRS would be able to offset some or all of the tax refund they were eligible to receive for that year.

Starting on November 1, 2021, the IRS no longer offset tax refunds for the current calendar year after a taxpayer requests an offer in compromise. This means that if a taxpayer requests an offer in compromise in 2022, they will be able to receive a full tax refund after filing their tax return for 2022. However to prevent potential abuse, the IRS may offset refunds in cases where a taxpayer requests and receives an offer in compromise and then files an amended tax return that will allow them to receive an increased refund.

U.S. taxpayers who own foreign investments must meet certain requirements when reporting accounts and other assets to the IRS. A Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts, commonly known as the FBAR, must be filed for each year in which a person has a financial interest in one or more accounts outside of the United States, and the aggregate value of these accounts is at least $10,000. Failure to report applicable accounts on an FBAR can result in significant penalties, and due to a recent court ruling, these penalties may be even higher for taxpayers who fail to report multiple accounts.

Appeals Court Addresses Non-Willful FBAR Penalties

A recent case heard by appellate judges in the Fifth Circuit addressed penalties for non-willful violations of the requirement to file an FBAR. Non-willful violations usually involve cases in which a taxpayer failed to file an FBAR or report one or more accounts because they were not aware of their requirements. The current maximum penalty for a non-willful violation is $12,921, and this amount is adjusted every year based on inflation.

Previously, courts that have addressed non-willful FBAR violations have applied the penalty on a per-year or per-form basis. That is, a single penalty would apply for each year in which a taxpayer failed to meet their requirements. However, the Fifth Circuit reviewed the applicable laws and determined that it would be more appropriate to apply the penalty on a per-account basis. This means that for each account that a person failed to report or reported incorrectly on an FBAR, they may face a separate penalty. For those with multiple accounts who failed to meet their requirements in multiple years, the penalties may add up quickly and total a much higher amount than had been previously applied.

The first few months of the year are often known as “tax season,” since this is when taxpayers will gather the necessary financial information to file their annual tax returns. While 2021 is not over yet, it is a good idea to begin preparing to address these issues, since filing a tax return as soon as possible after the new year will allow a person to receive a tax refund more quickly. When doing so, taxpayers will want to understand the changes to tax laws and IRS policies that may affect them. Some issues to be aware of include:

• Child Tax Credit - For 2021, the amount of the Child Tax Credit was increased to $3,000 or $3,600 for children 5 years old or younger. However, the amount of the credit is reduced for taxpayers who earn more than $75,000 when filing a single tax return, $112,500 when filing as head of household, and $150,000 for married couples who file jointly. In addition, the IRS began making advance cash payments of the Child Tax Credit to parents between July and December of 2021. Taxpayers can claim any remaining amount of the Child Tax Credit that had not been paid. If a person received payments totaling more than they will be able to claim on their tax return for 2021, they may need to repay some or all of the excess amount.

• Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit - The amount of the credit that a parent can claim for expenses related to the care of a child under the age of 13 has increased for 2021. This credit may be applied to $8,000 in expenses for one child or $16,000 for multiple children. The maximum percentage that may be applied to these expenses has been increased to 50 percent, and this percentage may be used by families who earned under $125,000 in 2021. Lower percentages will apply for families who earned more than $125,000 but less than $438,000.

  ...

There are a variety of reasons why the IRS may choose to perform a tax audit on a business. While some audits may be performed as a matter of routine, others may be triggered by discrepancies on tax returns or the claiming of certain types of deductions or business losses. Business owners will want to understand the procedures followed during an audit and the types of documents and information the IRS will consider. By working with a tax law attorney, a business can determine the best ways to meet the IRS’s requirements and avoid or minimize its potential penalties.

Records and Documents the IRS May Request During an Audit

In many cases, audits of businesses will be conducted by mail, although there are some situations where the IRS will choose to perform a field audit in which an agent will visit a business and review information in-person. During an audit, the IRS will review certain types of records to determine whether there are any discrepancies between the business’s finances and what was reported on a tax return. The IRS may ask a business to provide multiple different types of records, including:

• Financial records - The IRS will review a business’s books to address any issues related to earnings, expenses, profits, and losses. Additional documents may also be provided to verify this information, such as bills or receipts for business expenses, purchase records for equipment or materials, or canceled checks for payments made to vendors, suppliers, or contractors.

  ...